Separator plates, ion pumps, and hydrogen fuel infrastructure systems and methods for generating hydrogen

ABSTRACT

Anode and cathode separator plates are suitable for use in ion pumps for converting an input stream such as reformate into a pressurized and purified hydrogen-rich gas stream. The plates may include a single cathode outlet opening forming a portion of cathode output gas manifold, an anode inlet opening forming a portion of an inlet gas stream manifold and being sized larger than inlet cathode outlet opening, the distance of the anode inlet opening to an edge of the plate being less than the distance of the cathode outlet opening from an edge of the plate, and the size of the fluid flow channel of the anode separator plate being smaller than the size of the fluid flow channel of the cathode separator plate. Methods for forming the plates and infrastructure systems are also disclosed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to ion pumps, and more particularly, toseparator plates and ion pumps for generating hydrogen and other gases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hydrogen is an important zero emission fuel. Recently, development ofhydrogen fuel infrastructure systems has become a priority to supportthe use of hydrogen as a fuel.

An important part of a hydrogen fuel infrastructure system is generationof hydrogen. Two methods are generally used for generating hydrogen. Onemethod for generating hydrogen includes an electrolysis process, whichuses electrical energy to split water molecules into hydrogen andoxygen. Another method for generating hydrogen includes a reformingprocess, e.g., converting hydrocarbon fuel such as natural gas orpropane into a hydrogen-rich gas.

In each of these methods, the product of the generation process is oftenan impure, low-pressure stream that contains hydrogen gas as one of manyconstituents. With either method, the hydrogen is often purified, dried,and/or compressed for use or storage.

There is a need for further improvements in separator plates and ionpumps for purifying and pressurizing gases such as hydrogen.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides in a first aspect, an anode separatorplate for use in an ion pump in which the anode separator plate includesa planar member comprising an anode inlet opening extending through theplanar member forming a portion of an input gas stream manifold, atleast one fluid flow channel disposed on a first surface of the planarmember and connectable at one end to the anode inlet opening, and asingle cathode outlet opening extending through the planar memberforming a portion of a cathode output manifold.

The present invention provides in a second aspect, an anode separatorplate for use in an ion pump having a low-pressure input gas stream anda high-pressure output gas stream in which the anode separator plateincludes a planar member having an anode inlet opening extending throughthe planar member forming a portion of a low-pressure input gas streammanifold, at least one fluid flow channel disposed on a first surface ofthe planar member and connectable at one end to the anode inlet opening,a cathode outlet opening extending through the planar member forming aportion of a high-pressure cathode output gas stream manifold, andwherein the anode inlet opening comprises a first size, the cathodeoutlet opening comprises a second size, and the first size being largerthan the second size.

The present invention provides in a third aspect, a cathode separatorplate for use in an ion pump in which the cathode separator plateincludes a planar member having a single cathode outlet openingextending through the planar member forming a portion of a cathodeoutput gas stream manifold, and at least one fluid flow channel disposedon a first surface of the planar member and connectable at one end tothe cathode outlet opening.

The present invention provides in a fourth aspect, a cathode separatorplate for use in an ion pump having a low-pressure input gas stream anda high-pressure output gas stream in which the cathode separator plateincludes a planar member having a cathode outlet opening extendingthrough the planar member forming a portion of a high-pressure cathodeoutput gas stream manifold, at least one fluid flow channel disposed ona first surface of the planar member and connectable at one end to thecathode outlet opening, an anode inlet opening extending through theplanar member forming a portion of a low-pressure input gas streammanifold, and wherein the anode inlet opening comprises a first size,the cathode outlet opening comprises a second size, and wherein thefirst size being larger than the second size.

The present invention provides in a fifth aspect a pair of separatorplates for use in an ion pump in which the pair of separator platesincludes an anode separator plate and a cathode separator plate. Theanode separator plate includes a planar member having an anode inletopening extending through the planar member forming a portion of aninput gas stream manifold, and at least one fluid flow channel disposedon a first surface of the planar member and connectable at one end tothe anode inlet opening. The cathode separator plate includes a planarmember having a cathode outlet opening extending through the planarmember forming a portion of a cathode output gas stream manifold, and atleast one fluid flow channel disposed on a first surface of the planarmember and connectable at one end to the cathode outlet opening. The atleast one fluid flow channel of the anode separator plate comprises afirst distance between adjacent lands, the at least one fluid flowchannel of the cathode separator plate comprises a second distancebetween adjacent lands, and wherein the first distance is less than thesecond distance.

The present invention provides in other aspects, ion pumps and hydrogenfuel infrastructure systems incorporating the above-mentioned plates.

The present invention provides in still other aspects, methods forforming the above-mentioned plates, and methods for producingpressurized hydrogen using ion pumps incorporating the above-mentionedplates.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of thespecification. The invention, however, may best be understood byreference to the following detailed description of various embodimentsand accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a hydrogen infrastructuresystem in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a portion of the hydrogen pump of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectionals view of a portion of the hydrogen pump ofFIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective plan view of a front side of the anode separatorplate of FIG. 2 having a plurality of fluid flow channels fordistributing an input gas stream;

FIG. 5 is a perspective plan view of a rear side of the anode separatorplate of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective plan view of a front side of the cathodeseparator plate of FIG. 2 having a plurality of fluid flow channels forexhausting a hydrogen-rich gas stream; and

FIG. 7 is a perspective plan view of a rear side of the cathodeseparator plate of FIG. 6 having a plurality of coolant fluid flowchannels.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is an example of one embodiment of a hydrogen infrastructuresystem 10 in accordance with the present invention which may include areformer 12 such as a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reformer, asteam reformer, or an autothermal reformer for converting a hydrocarbonsuch as methane or methanol into a hydrogen-rich gas stream, an ion pumpsuch as a hydrogen pump 16, and a hydrogen storage unit 18.

As described in greater detail below, the hydrogen pump is operable toconvert the input stream such as reformate into a pressurized andpurified hydrogen-rich gas stream. The pressurized and purifiedhydrogen-rich gas stream can be used directly in, e.g., a fuel cell (notshown), or can be stored in a pressurized gas container such as hydrogenstorage unit 18. While the hydrogen generation system is described inconjunction with use in fuel cells, it will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art that the hydrogen generating system may also be usedin industrialization of processes which utilize gases (e.g., hydrogenand oxygen) for materials microstructure processing such as in thesemiconductor industry.

As also described in greater detail below, the hydrogen pump inaccordance with one aspect of the present invention may include anodeseparator and cathode separator plates having various features whichresult in a compact, efficient hydrogen pump operable to produce apressurized and purified hydrogen-rich gas stream.

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of hydrogen pump 16 in accordance withthe present invention for use in the hydrogen infrastructure system 10of FIG. 1. While the hydrogen pump is illustrated as including oneproton electrical chemical cell, it will be appreciated by those skilledin the art that hydrogen pumps in accordance with the present inventionmay comprise a plurality of or a stack of proton conductingelectrochemical cells for electrochemical gas pumping.

Hydrogen pump 16 is operable for separating, removing, and/orcompressing pure hydrogen from an input supply containing hydrogen suchas reformate. Exemplary hydrogen pump 16 may include an end plate 20,insulator plate 22, a collector plate 23, a collector pocket plate 24, acathode separator plate 26, an electrochemical cell 27, anode supportscreen 138, an anode separator place 28, a blind cooler blank plate 29,a collector pocket plate 30, a collector plate 32, an insulator plate34, and an end plate 36.

With reference to FIG. 3, electrochemical cell 27 may include a solidpolymer membrane 122 or PEM (proton exchange membrane) such as amaterial manufactured by E.I. Du Pont de Nemours Company and sold underthe trademark NAFION. Catalysts 124 and 125 (e.g., platinum), whichfacilitate chemical reactions, are desirably applied to the anode andcathode sides, respectively, of the solid polymer electrolyte. Anode andcathode gas diffusion layers 126 and 127, which are formed from aresilient and conductive material such as a carbon fabric or carbonfiber paper, are disposed on catalysts 124 and 125, respectively.

Anode separator plate 28 includes a fluid flow surface 132 with aplurality of flow channels 134 thereon. Flow channels 134 receive andconduct a low-pressurized input gas stream through an inlet and out anoutlet which are in fluid communication with and open onto correspondingmanifolds as described in greater detail below. Flow channels 134 maycarry, for example, the input gas stream such as reformate, as well as aliquid, e.g., humidification.

Cathode separator plate 26 includes a plurality of flow channels 136 forcollecting, for example, a pressurized and purified hydrogen-rich gasstream.

As described in greater detail below, the low-pressure input gas streamis provided to the anode side while the cathode side is driven to ahigher pressure. To prevent the anode gas diffusion layer 126 from beingcrushed into the fluid flow channel 134, anode support screen 138, asshown in FIG. 3, may be disposed between anode fluid flow surface 132and gas diffusion layer 126. In addition, flow channels 134 of the anodeseparator plate may be sized with a smaller span between the landscompared to the span between the lands of the cathode separator plate 28to reduce the distance the gas diffusion need to bridge and thelikelihood of the gas diffusion layer being crushed into the anode fluidflow channels. For example, the distance between the lands forming thefluid flow channels in the anode separator plate may be about 0.030inch, and the distance between the lands forming the fluid flow channelsin the cathode separator plate may be about 0.040 inch. The depth of thefluid flow channels in the anode separator plate may be about 0.017inch, and the depth of the cathode fluid flow channels may be about0.014 inch. In addition, a suitable number of flow channels in the anodeseparator plate may be provided to reduce the pressure drop of the inputgas between the anode inlet opening (FIG. 6) and the anode outletopening (FIG. 6).

Gaskets 128 and 129 may be employed to seal the electrical chemical cellfrom the various openings forming manifolds in the separator plates.Additional gaskets, shown in FIG. 2, may be provided for suitablysealing the various portions of the hydrogen pump. The gaskets mayinclude a frame gasket made from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)material manufactured by E.I. Du Pont de Nemours Company and sold underthe trademark TEFLON. Alternatively, multiple gaskets may be employed.For the gasket surrounding the cathode fluid flow channel, which asdescribed below is operated at a higher pressure, a double set ofgaskets may be provided to reduce the likelihood of leaks compared to asingle gasket.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, anode separator plate 28 may include arelatively large-sized opening 210 for forming a portion of an internalinlet gas stream manifold for the low-pressure input gas. Since, in someuses, the hydrogen pump cannot utilize all of the input gas, arelatively large-sized outlet opening 220 may be provided for forming aportion of an outlet gas stream manifold. This allows impurities in theinput gas stream to be removed. Openings 210 and 220 may also have arelatively large size to provide a low resistance to flow and reducedpressure drop between the openings. In other embodiment, a single inletopening may be provided wherein the anode is deadheaded (e.g., no anodeexhaust). In still other embodiments, the input gas stream may beperiodically exhausted to remove impurities, e.g., bleeding the anodeinlet, recirculating exhaust, and/or purging exhaust into the atmosphereor into a tank. A valve may be employed for controlling the exhaust fromthe anode inlet.

The fluid flow surface of anode separator plate 28 may include aplurality of serpentine flow channels 134 having equal length to resultin an equal pressure drop during operation. A plurality of dive-throughholes 212 and 222 may be provided to connect the anode inlet opening andthe anode outlet opening, respectively, to the flow channels.Dive-through holes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,500,580 to Marvin,et al., entitled “Fuel Cell Fluid Flow Plate for Promoting FluidService”, the entire subject matter of which is incorporated herein byreference. The opposite side of the anode separator plate may berelatively flat, e.g., not including fluid flow channels.

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, cathode separator plate 26 may includea cathode outlet opening 330, and desirably a single cathode outletopening, for forming an internal manifold for discharge of thehigh-pressure hydrogen-rich gas stream. Cathode outlet opening 330 mayhave a relatively small size to provide some resistance to flow, e.g.,some pressure drop, and capable of withstanding the high gas pressuresas described below.

As there is only an output of product gas, a cathode inlet opening isnot needed, i.e., only a single opening forming a portion of a manifoldfor the product gas stream is needed. One advantage of a single cathodeoutlet opening is that it results in an increase in the ratio of activearea of the cathode separator plate compared to the total surface areaof the cathode separator plate.

The cathode separator plate may also include straight parallel flowchannels which cover the active area of the electrical chemical cell,and a dive-through hole region 332 (FIG. 7) which connects the fluidflow channels to cathode outlet 330. The connecting fluid flow channels340 (FIG. 7) may have a shallower depth compared to the fluid flowchannels in the active region to reduce separator plate stress near thecathode output opening.

The opposite side of cathode separator plate 26, best shown in FIG. 7,may include a plurality of coolant flow channels connected to a coolantinput opening 360 and a coolant output opening 380 for regulating thetemperature of the ion pump. In the illustrated embodiment, coolantfluid flow channels may be provided on the cathode separator plate andnot on the anode separator plate. Desirably, the coolant fluid flowchannels are disposed and extend over the rear portion of the cathodeseparator plate which corresponds to the active area of theelectrochemical cell thereby maintaining a generally constanttemperature across the entire active region. Coolant fluid may includewater, air, propylene, or ethylene glycol.

The various manifolds may be arranged with the cathode outlet manifoldphysically separated from the other manifolds to reduce the likelihoodof the cathode outlet manifold leaking into the coolant or the input gasmanifolds. In addition, leakage from the cathode outlet manifold, whichis separated from the other manifolds, may be more easily detected. Forexample, for a generally square or rectangular separator plate, thecathode outlet opening may be positioned adjacent to one side of theseparator plate and the anode inlet opening or anode outlet opening maybe positioned adjacent to a different side, e.g., opposite sides, or onsides generally 90-degrees from each other.

From the present description, it will be appreciated by those skilled inthe art that other configurations of the separator plates, manifolds,and flow channels may also be suitably employed which incorporate thefeatures of the present invention. For example, coolant fluid flowchannels may be provided on the rear side of the anode separator plate.In addition, the features of the present invention may be incorporatedin bipolar separator plate, e.g., where the separator plate includesanode fluid flow channels on one side and cathode fluid flow channels onthe other side. If radiative cooling is used, then coolant channels andmanifolds may not be needed.

With reference again to FIG. 2, tie bolts (not shown) may pass throughholes adjacent the edges in the various plates and extend from end plate20 to end plate 36. Tie bolts may be positioned at locations away fromthe corners of the plates to reduce bending or other unequal forcesbeing applied to the plates. Desirably, a compressive force on thehydrogen pump is greater than the desired pressure of the output productgas stream. In the fabrication of the hydrogen pump, the hydrogen pumpmay have an applied stack compression pressure of between about 25 psiand about 1,000 psi, and preferably, between about 100 psi and about 600psi.

The end plates, for example, may be flat and about 1-inch or thicker. Inaddition, the end plate may be pre-stressed or pre-bended such that whenthe stack is at pressure, the end plate bends so that the surfacepresented to the inner side of the end plate is essentially flat. It isalso possible that the end plates may contain a bladder device to createcompression in a planar fashion. An example, of a suitable end plate isdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,698 to Carlstrom, Jr., entitled “EndPlate Assembly having a Two-Phase Fluid-Filled Bladder and Method forCompressing a Fuel Cell Stack,” the entire subject matter of which isincorporated herein by reference. Another option is to make the endplates large and place the tie bolts outside the plates, e.g., notthrough the plates.

The hydrogen pump may be operated with the input gas stream and thecoolant maintained at low pressure and having a low pressure drop acrossthe inlets and outlets thereby allowing use of a low energy blower forthe input gas and a low energy pump for the coolant fluid.

In addition to the anode inlet opening and anode outlet opening beingsized larger than the cathode outlet opening, due to the pressuredifference between the low pressure anode input gas stream and highpressure output product gas stream, the anode separator plate (or atleast the portion near the opening) need not be as strong as the cathodeseparator plate (or at least the portion near the cathode outletopening). For example, the distance from the anode inlet and outletopenings to the edge of the anode separator plate may be less than thedistance from the cathode output opening to the edge of the cathodeseparator plate. In one embodiment, the distance from the anode inletand outlet openings to the edge of the anode separator plate may beabout ½-inch or less and include a groove disposed therebetween forreceiving a sealing gasket. The distance from the relatively small-sizedcathode output opening to the edge of the cathode separator plate may beabout 1-inch including a groove disposed therebetween for receiving asealing gasket. As noted above, the cathode fluid flow channels from thecathode outlet opening to the cathode dive through holds may be narrowerand shallower to reduce stress in this region of the cathode separatorplate.

Advantages of the present invention also include achieving a smallerfootprint or physical size for the hydrogen pump compared toconventional hydrogen pumps. For example, a hydrogen pump in accordancewith the present invention was made with an active area of 353 cm²having the same footprint as a conventional PEM fuel cell stack havingan active area of 262 cm². Thus, since the active area may be madelarger, fewer plates are required, thereby reducing the material andlabor in assembling fewer plates, gaskets, etc. compared to conventionalhydrogen pumps. In addition, tests of the cathode separator plate formedfrom a compression molded material resulted in the shallow narrow fluidflow channels (FIG. 7) withstanding a pressure of about 3,000 psi,higher than other portions of the cathode separator plate. It isbelieved that plates constructed from metal may maintain even higherpressures.

In operation of the hydrogen pump, the anode input gas stream may beprovided at about 1 psi to 2 psi and with the coolant fluid provided atabout 10 psi. A pressurized and purified hydrogen-rich gas stream may beprovided at 600 psi. The PEM-type hydrogen pump is desirably suitablycooled to operate at a temperature between about 20 degrees Celsius,i.e., ambient, and about 110 degrees Celsius, and preferably betweenabout 70 degrees Celsius and about 110 degrees Celsius.

A hydrogen pump in accordance with the present invention was tested witha cathode pressure of 400 psi. It was noted that a conventional stackdesign having a 262 cm² active area is operable to only about 250 psiwithout additional clamping. The hydrogen pump also exhibited higherfailure pressures of 25 percent to 110 percent than the failurepressures of a conventional hydrogen pump having a 262 cm² active area.The hydrogen pump also withstood higher loading forces without breakageof the plates due to the tie bolts passing through the plates andreducing bending moments which normally occur if the tie bolts aredisposed outside the plates.

When the proton conducting electrochemical cell is operated in ahydrogen pumping mode, an input supply containing hydrogen is suppliedto the anode side and a voltage potential is applied to the electrodesto cause proton pumping across the proton conducting medium. Hydrogenmoves from the input stream to the porous hydrogen permeable anodeelectrode where the hydrogen gas forms protons (H+) and electrons. It isbelieved that the protons are then driven across the proton conductingmedium and conducted through the nonporous hydrogen permeable cathodeelectrode. Molecular hydrogen is then generated in a relatively pureform on the cathode side, i.e., the output side of the electrode.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a solid oxideelectrolyte (e.g., zirconium oxide) may be used for the electrochemicalcell. In this embodiment, the ion pump would operate in pumping oxygenand/or purifying oxygen.

In addition to the proton conducting medium including a proton exchangemembrane (PEM) such as a NAFION perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membrane(available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Del., USA),other proton conducting mediums may be employed such as apolybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer membrane, a polyetheretherketones(PEEK), sulfonated polysulfones, a polyimide, a hydrocarbon membrane, apolytrifluoro-styrenesulfonic acid, variations of perfluorosulfonic acidmembranes, other polymeric or non-polymeric proton conductors includingany strong acids. The proton conducting medium may also include solidanhydrous (e.g., not having water) proton conducting mediums, forexample, solid state conductors such as inorganic and ceramic basedsystems, perovskite ceramics, solid-acids such as cesium dihydrogenphosphate (CsH₂PO₄), or other suitable solid anhydrous proton conductingmediums. Depending on the proton conducting membrane, humidification ofthe input gas steam may not be required. Also, depending on the protonconducting medium, the resulting pressurized and purified hydrogen-richgas stream may also be dry as well, e.g., not contain water.

Still other alternative embodiments may include positioning a cathodeoutlet opening (and manifold) in the center of the separator plate tocapture over-board leakage. In addition, the anode side of the cell maybe operable with an input gas stream in a gas phase and provided withfeatures to prevent blockage of water. The cathode side of the cell maybe a “gas evolution” electrode.

While various embodiments of the present invention have been illustratedand described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art thatmany further changes and modifications may be made thereunto withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. An anode separator plate for use in an ion pump, said anode separatorplate comprising: a planar member comprising: an anode inlet openingextending through said planar member forming a portion of an input gasstream manifold; at least one fluid flow channel disposed on a firstsurface of said planar member and connectable at one end to said anodeinlet opening; and a single cathode outlet opening extending throughsaid planar member forming a portion of a cathode output manifold.
 2. Ananode separator plate for use in an ion pump having a low-pressure inputgas stream and a high-pressure output gas stream, said anode separatorplate comprising: a planar member comprising: an anode inlet openingextending through said planar member forming a portion of a low-pressureinput gas stream manifold; at least one fluid flow channel disposed on afirst surface of said planar member and connectable at one end to saidanode inlet opening; a cathode outlet opening extending through saidplanar member forming a portion of a high-pressure cathode output gasstream manifold; and said anode inlet opening comprising a first size,said cathode outlet opening comprising a second size, and wherein saidfirst size being larger than said second size.
 3. The anode separatorplate of claim 2 wherein said cathode outlet opening comprises a singlecathode outlet opening.
 4. The anode separator plate of claim 2 furthercomprising an anode outlet opening extending through said planar memberforming a portion of an outlet for discharging the input gas stream andconnectable to an opposite end of said at least one fluid flow channel,and wherein said anode outlet opening comprise a third size, and whereinsaid third size is larger than said second size.
 5. The anode separatorplate of claim 2 wherein said anode inlet opening is disposed a firstdistance from an edge of said planar member, said cathode outlet openingis disposed a second distance from an edge of said planar member, andwherein said first distance is less than said second distance.
 6. Theanode separator phase of claim 2 wherein said cathode outlet is disposedon a first side of said planar member and said anode inlet opening andanode outlet opening are disposed a side different from said first sideof said planar member.
 7. The anode separator plate of claim 2 furthercomprising a plurality of tie bolt openings extending through saidplanar member.
 8. An anode separator plate for use in an ion pump havinga low-pressure input gas stream and a high-pressure output gas stream,said anode separator plate comprising: a planar member comprising: ananode inlet opening extending through said planar member forming aportion of a low-pressure input gas stream manifold; an anode outletopening extending through said planar member forming a portion of anoutlet for discharging the input gas stream; at least one fluid flowchannel disposed on a first surface of said planar member andconnectable at one end to said anode inlet opening and at an oppositeend to said anode outlet opening; a single cathode outlet openingextending through said planar member forming a portion of ahigh-pressure cathode output gas stream manifold; said anode inletopening and said anode outlet opening comprising a first size, saidcathode outlet opening comprising a second size, and wherein said firstsize being larger than said second size; said anode inlet opening andsaid anode outlet opening disposed a first distance from an edge of saidplanar member, said cathode outlet opening disposed a second distancefrom an edge of said planar member, and wherein said first distance isless than said second distance; said cathode outlet being disposed on afirst side of said planar member and said anode inlet opening and anodeoutlet opening being disposed a side different from said first side ofsaid planar member; and a plurality of tie bolt openings extendingthrough said planar member.
 9. A cathode separator plate for use in anion pump, said cathode separator plate comprising: a planar membercomprising: a single cathode outlet opening extending through saidplanar member forming a portion of a cathode output gas stream manifold;and at least one fluid flow channel disposed on a first surface of saidplanar member and connectable at one end to said cathode outlet opening.10. A cathode separator plate for use in an ion pump having alow-pressure input gas stream and a high-pressure output gas stream,said cathode separator plate comprising: a planar member comprising: acathode outlet opening extending through said planar member forming aportion of a high-pressure cathode output gas stream manifold; at leastone fluid flow channel disposed on a first surface of said planar memberand connectable at one end to said cathode outlet opening; an anodeinlet opening extending through said planar member forming a portion ofa low-pressure input gas stream manifold; and said anode inlet openingcomprising a first size, said cathode outlet opening comprising a secondsize, and wherein said first size is larger than said second size. 11.The cathode separator plate of claim 10 wherein said cathode inletopening comprises a single cathode inlet opening.
 12. The cathodeseparator plate of claim 10 further comprising an anode outlet openingextending through said planar member forming a portion of an outlet fordischarging the input gas stream, and wherein said anode outlet openingcomprise a third size, and wherein said third size being larger thansaid second size.
 13. The cathode separator plate of claim 10 whereinsaid anode inlet opening is disposed a first distance from an edge ofsaid planar member, said cathode outlet opening is disposed a seconddistance from an edge of said planar member, and wherein said firstdistance is less than said second distance.
 14. The cathode separatorphase of claim 10 further comprising an anode outlet opening extendingthrough said planar member forming a portion of an outlet fordischarging the input gas stream, and wherein said cathode outlet isdisposed on a first side of said planar member and said anode inletopening and anode outlet opening are disposed a side different from saidfirst side of said planar member.
 15. The cathode separator plate ofclaim 10 further comprising a plurality of tie bolt openings extendingthrough said planar member.
 16. A cathode separator plate for use in anion pump having a low-pressure input gas stream and a high-pressureoutput gas stream, said cathode separator plate comprising: a planarmember comprising: an anode inlet opening extending through said planarmember forming a portion of a low-pressure input stream gas manifold; ananode outlet opening extending through said planar member forming aportion of an outlet for discharging the input gas stream; a singlecathode outlet opening extending through said planar member forming aportion of a high-pressure cathode output gas stream manifold; at leastone fluid flow channel disposed on a first surface of said planar memberand connectable at one end to said cathode outlet opening; said anodeinlet opening and said anode outlet opening comprising a first size,said cathode outlet opening comprising a second size, and wherein saidfirst size is larger than said second size; said anode inlet opening andsaid anode outlet opening disposed a first distance from an edge of saidplanar member, said cathode outlet opening disposed a second distancefrom an edge of said planar member, and wherein said first distance isless than said second distance; said cathode outlet being disposed on afirst side of said planar member and said anode inlet opening and anodeoutlet opening being disposed a side different from said first side ofsaid planar member; and a plurality of tie bolt openings extendingthrough said planar member.
 17. A pair of separator plates for use in anion pump, said pair of separator plates comprising: an anode separatorplate comprising: a planar member having an anode inlet openingextending through said planar member forming a portion of an input gasstream manifold; at least one fluid flow channel disposed on a firstsurface of said planar member and connectable at one end to said anodeinlet opening; and a cathode separator plate comprising: a planar memberhaving a cathode outlet opening extending through said planar memberforming a portion of a cathode output gas stream manifold; at least onefluid flow channel disposed on a first surface of said planar member andconnectable at one end to said cathode outlet opening; and wherein saidat least one fluid flow channel of said anode separator plate comprisesa first distance between adjacent lands, said at least one fluid flowchannel of said cathode separator plate comprises a second distancebetween adjacent lands, and wherein said first distance is less thansaid second distance.
 18. The pair of separator plates of claim 16wherein a portion of said at least one fluid flow channel of saidcathode separator plate adjacent to said cathode outlet openingcomprises a reduced depth.
 19. An ion pump comprising: an anodeseparator plate of claim 1; a cathode separator plate; an anodeelectrode disposed adjacent to said anode separator plate; a cathodeelectrode disposed adjacent to said cathode separator plate; and aproton conducting medium disposed between said anode electrode and saidcathode electrode.
 20. An ion pump comprising: an anode separator plateof claim 2; a cathode separator plate; an anode electrode disposedadjacent to said anode separator plate; a cathode electrode disposedadjacent to said cathode separator plate; and a proton conducting mediumdisposed between said anode electrode and said cathode electrode.
 21. Anion pump comprising: an anode separator plate of claim 8; a cathodeseparator plate; an anode electrode disposed adjacent to said anodeseparator plate; a cathode electrode disposed adjacent to said cathodeseparator plate; and a proton conducting medium disposed between saidanode electrode and said cathode electrode.
 22. An ion pump comprising:an anode separator plate; a cathode separator plate of claim 9; an anodeelectrode disposed adjacent to said anode separator plate; a cathodeelectrode disposed adjacent to said cathode separator plate; and aproton conducting medium disposed between said anode electrode and saidcathode electrode.
 23. An ion pump comprising: an anode separator plate;a cathode separator plate of claim 10; an anode electrode disposedadjacent to said anode separator plate; a cathode electrode disposedadjacent to said cathode separator plate; and a proton conducting mediumdisposed between said anode electrode and said cathode electrode.
 24. Anion pump comprising: an anode separator plate; a cathode separator plateof claim 16; an anode electrode disposed adjacent to said anodeseparator plate; a cathode electrode disposed adjacent to said cathodeseparator plate; and a proton conducting medium disposed between saidanode electrode and said cathode electrode.
 25. An ion pump comprising:an anode separator plate and a cathode separator plate of claim 17; ananode electrode disposed adjacent to said anode separator plate; acathode electrode disposed adjacent to said cathode separator plate; anda proton conducting medium disposed between said anode electrode andsaid cathode electrode.
 26. A hydrogen fuel infrastructure systemcomprising: an ion pump of claim 19; a storage tank for storing purifiedhydrogen from said ion pump; and a reformer for supplying reformate tosaid ion pump.
 27. A hydrogen fuel infrastructure system comprising: anion pump of claim 20; a storage tank for storing purified hydrogen fromsaid ion pump; and a reformer for supplying reformate to said ion pump.28. A hydrogen fuel infrastructure system comprising: an ion pump ofclaim 21; a storage tank for storing purified hydrogen from said ionpump; and a reformer for supplying reformate to said ion pump.
 29. Ahydrogen fuel infrastructure system comprising: an ion pump of claim 22;a storage tank for storing purified hydrogen from said ion pump; and areformer for supplying reformate to said ion pump.
 30. A hydrogen fuelinfrastructure system comprising: an ion pump of claim 23; a storagetank for storing purified hydrogen from said ion pump; and a reformerfor supplying reformate to said ion pump.
 31. A hydrogen fuelinfrastructure system comprising: an ion pump of claim 24; a storagetank for storing purified hydrogen from said ion pump; and a reformerfor supplying reformate to said ion pump.
 32. A hydrogen fuelinfrastructure system comprising: an ion pump of claim 25; a storagetank for storing purified hydrogen from said ion pump; and a reformerfor supplying reformate to said ion pump.
 33. A method for forming ananode separator plate, the method comprising: providing a planar member;forming an anode inlet opening extending through the planar member andhaving a first size to form a portion of an input stream gas manifold;forming at least one fluid flow channel on a first surface of the planarmember and connectable at one end to the anode inlet opening; forming acathode outlet opening extending through the planar member and having asecond size to form a portion of a cathode output manifold; and whereinthe first size is larger than the second size.
 34. The method of claim33 further comprising forming an anode outlet opening extending throughthe planar member having a third size to form a portion of an outlet fordischarging the input gas stream and connectable to the opposite end ofthe at least one fluid flow channel, and wherein the third size islarger than the second size.
 35. The method of claim 33 furthercomprising positioning the anode inlet opening a first distance from anedge of the planar member, positioning the cathode outlet opening asecond distance from an edge of the planar member, and wherein the firstdistance is less than the second distance.
 36. The method of claim 33further comprising positioning the cathode outlet adjacent to a firstside of the planar member and positioning the anode inlet adjacent to aside different than the first side.
 37. The method of claim 33 furthercomprising forming a plurality of tie bolt openings extending throughthe planar member.
 38. A method for forming an anode separator plate,the method comprising: providing a planar member; forming an anode inletopening extending through the planar member and having a first size toform a portion of an input stream gas manifold; forming an anode outletopening extending through the planar member having a second size to forma portion of an outlet for discharging the input gas stream; forming atleast one fluid flow channel on a first surface of the planar member andconnectable at one end to the anode inlet opening and at an opposite endto the anode outlet opening; forming a cathode outlet opening extendingthrough the planar member and having a third size to form a portion of acathode output manifold, the third size is less than at least one of thefirst size and the second size; the forming the anode inlet openingcomprising forming the anode inlet opening a first distance from an edgeof the planar member, the forming the cathode outlet opening comprisesforming the cathode outlet opening a second distance from an edge of theplanar member, and wherein the first distance is less than the seconddistance; positioning the cathode outlet adjacent to a first side of theplanar member and positioning the anode inlet adjacent to a sidedifferent than the first side; and forming a plurality of tie boltopenings extending through the planar member.
 39. A method for forming acathode separator plate, the method comprising: providing a planarmember; forming an anode inlet opening extending through the planarmember and having a first size to form a portion of an input stream gasmanifold; forming a cathode outlet opening extending through the planarmember and having a second size to form a portion of a cathode outputmanifold; forming at least one fluid flow channel on a first surface ofthe planar member and connectable at one end to the cathode outletopening; and wherein the first size is larger than the second size. 40.The method of claim 39 further comprising forming an anode outletopening extending through the planar member having a third size to forma portion of an outlet for discharging the input gas stream, and whereinthe third size is larger than the second size.
 41. The method of claim39 further comprising positioning the anode inlet opening a firstdistance from an edge of the planar member, positioning the cathodeoutlet opening a second distance from an edge of the planar member, andwherein the first distance is less than the second distance.
 42. Themethod of claim 39 further comprising positioning the cathode outletadjacent to a first edge of the planar member and positioning the anodeinlet adjacent to a side different than the first edge.
 43. The methodof claim 39 further comprising forming a plurality of tie bolt openingsextending through the planar member.
 44. A method for forming a cathodeseparator plate, the method comprising: providing a planar member;forming an anode inlet opening extending through the planar member andhaving a first size to form a portion of an input stream gas manifold;forming an anode outlet opening extending through the planar memberhaving a second size to form a portion of an outlet for discharging theinput gas stream; forming a cathode outlet opening extending through theplanar member and having a third size to form a portion of a cathodeoutput manifold, the third size is less than at least one of the firstsize and the second size; forming at least one fluid flow channel on afirst surface of the planar member and connectable at one end to thecathode outlet opening; the forming the anode inlet opening comprisingforming the anode inlet opening a first distance from an edge of theplanar member, the forming the cathode outlet opening comprises formingthe cathode outlet opening a second distance from an edge of the planarmember, and wherein the first distance is less than the second distance;positioning the cathode outlet adjacent to a first side of the planarmember and positioning the anode inlet adjacent to a side different thanthe first side; and forming a plurality of tie bolt openings extendingthrough the planar member.
 45. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 19; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 46. The method of claim 45 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.
 47. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 20; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 48. The method of claim 47 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.
 49. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 21; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 50. The method of claim 49 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.
 51. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 22; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 52. The method of claim 51 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.
 53. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 23; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 54. The method of claim 53 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.
 55. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 24; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 56. The method of claim 55 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.
 57. A method for producing pressurizedhydrogen, the method comprising: providing a low-pressure supplycontaining hydrogen to an ion pump of claim 25; applying an electricalpotential to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; transferringprotons through the proton conducting medium from the anode electrode tothe cathode electrode; and receiving a high-pressure supply of purifiedhydrogen from the ion pump.
 58. The method of claim 57 wherein thelow-pressure supply is about 1 psi and the high-pressure supply isgreater that about 400 psi.